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TB Simatupang No.18, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12520 Call Us : +62 8772 0020 001 Email : admin@dimensitekno.id See 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang, Jakarta Selatan, on the mapDirections to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang Jakarta Selatan with public transportationThe following transit lines have routes that pass near 18 Office Park - TB SimatupangHow to get to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang by Bus?Click on the Bus route to see step by step directions with maps, line arrival times and updated time to get to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang by Train?Click on the Train route to see step by step directions with maps, line arrival times and updated time stations near 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta SelatanStation NameDistanceSeberang KUA Pasar Minggu1 min walkPhe Tower Kebagusan3 min walkJalan Mujair Raya5 min walkSimatupang 3b8 min walkBaung8 min walkTrain stations near 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta SelatanStation NameDistanceTanjung Barat22 min walkBus lines to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta SelatanLine NameDirectionM17Lenteng AgungVIEWM17APasar MingguVIEWJAK46Pasar MingguVIEWDEBORAH KALIDERESKali DeresVIEW03Lebak BulusVIEW7ALebak Bulus Via Tol AmperaVIEW7EKampung RambutanVIEWD21Universitas Ind LEBAK BULUS - BOGORLebak BulusVIEWQuestions & AnswersWhat are the closest stations to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang?The closest stations to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang areSeberang KUA Pasar Minggu is 45 meters away, 1 min Tower Kebagusan is 173 meters away, 3 min Mujair Raya is 359 meters away, 5 min 3b is 548 meters away, 8 min is 610 meters away, 8 min Barat is 1639 meters away, 22 min Bus lines stop near 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang?These Bus lines stop near 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang03, 7A, D21Which Train lines stop near 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang?These Train lines stop near 18 Office Park - TB SimatupangBOGOR LINE How far is the train station from 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan? The nearest train station to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan is a 22 min walk away. What’s the nearest train station to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan? The Tanjung Barat station is the nearest one to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan. How far is the bus stop from 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan? The nearest bus stop to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan is a 1 min walk away. What’s the nearest bus stop to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan? The Seberang KUA Pasar Minggu stop is the nearest one to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta time is the first Train to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan?The BOGOR LINE is the first Train that goes to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan. It stops nearby at 441 time is the last Train to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan?The BOGOR LINE is the last Train that goes to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan. It stops nearby at 1228 time is the first Bus to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan?The M17A is the first Bus that goes to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan. It stops nearby at 301 time is the last Bus to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan?The M17 is the last Bus that goes to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan. It stops nearby at 311 much is the Train fare to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang?The Train fare to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang costs about - much is the Bus fare to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang?The Bus fare to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang costs about - 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang, Jakarta Selatan, on the mapPublic Transit to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta SelatanWondering how to get to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia? Moovit helps you find the best way to get to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang with step-by-step directions from the nearest public transit provides free maps and live directions to help you navigate through your city. View schedules, routes, timetables, and find out how long does it take to get to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in real for the nearest stop or station to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang? Check out this list of stops closest to your destination Seberang KUA Pasar Minggu; Phe Tower Kebagusan; Jalan Mujair Raya; Simatupang 3b; Baung; Tanjung LINEWant to see if there’s another route that gets you there at an earlier time? Moovit helps you find alternative routes or times. Get directions from and directions to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang easily from the Moovit App or make riding to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang easy, which is why over million users, including users in Jakarta Selatan, trust Moovit as the best app for public transit. You don’t need to download an individual bus app or train app, Moovit is your all-in-one transit app that helps you find the best bus time or train time information on prices of Bus and Train, costs and ride fares to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang, please check the Moovit the app to navigate to popular places including to the airport, hospital, stadium, grocery store, mall, coffee shop, school, college, and Office Park - TB Simatupang, Jakarta SelatanAttractions near 18 Office Park - TB SimatupangAdhi karya Proyek 18 Office parkGang Waru Kebagusan Jakarta SelatanOleos 2 BuildingPT Bmt Asia Pacific IndonesiaPT Dsm Nutritional Products IndonesiaMarine Dental ClinicPT Tedco Agri MakmurJne kebagusanKopindosatPertamina Hulu Energi - Offshore North West Java PHE-ONWJPT Trigonomitra AnugrahBank BRI Cabang Tb Simatupang 18 Office ParkNotaris Dan Ppat Ny. N. Kartini ShJakarta SelatanJ&T Express KebagusanZpo PrintingPhe Towerarcadia office parkPertamina Hulu Energi PHE TowerJOB Pertamina Talisman Jambi MerangPublic transit lines with stations closest to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta SelatanTrain lines with stations closest to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta SelatanBus lines with stations closest to 18 Office Park - TB Simatupang in Jakarta SelatanLast updated on February 15, 2023 TALAVERAOFFICE PARK LT.18 SUITE NO.M10 JL.TB SIMATUPANG KAV.22-26 RT.001 RW.001 CILANDAK BARAT. Kode Pos-Email. rini.astuti@vega-global.com. Situs Web-No. Telp. 02129715908. No. Fax-Penyedia Etalase Produk. Peralatan Elektronik Perkantoran dan Peralatan Pendukungnya; Representatif. Nama No. Telp/Selular
Filters Page 1 / 1 Nearby Locations Showing 1 location Showing 1 location View Larger Map Nearby TD Locations TD Bank branch location at 1000 AV BERNARD, OUTREMONT, PQ with address, opening hours, phone number, directions, and more with an interactive map and up-to-date information. A Outremont TD Branch Address 1000 Av Bernard, Outremont, Pq, H2 V1 T8 Phone 514289-0328 Fax 514289-1462 Hours MondayCLOSEDTuesdayCLOSEDWednesdayCLOSEDThursdayCLOSEDFridayCLOSEDSaturdayCLOSEDSundayCLOSED Transit Number 4240 View Location Get Directions Nearby Locations A Kms TD ATM Address 5455 Gaspe Ave, Montreal, Qc, H2 T3 B3 View Location B Outremont Kms TD Branch Address 1555 Rue Van Horne, Outremont, Pq, H2 V1 L6 View Location C Ultramar Kms TD ATM Address Ultramar 4680 Ave Du Parc, Montreal, Qc, H2 V4 E5 View Location D Ultramar Kms TD ATM Address Ultramar 5110 Rue St Denis, Montreal, Qc, H2 J2 M2 View Location E Montreal Kms TD Branch Address 525 Jean Talon Rue Ouest, Montreal, Pq, H3 N1 R6 View Location F Montreal Kms TD Branch Address 51 Mont Royal Ouest, Montreal, Pq, H2 T2 S5 View Location G Ultramar Kms TD ATM Address Ultramar 300 Ave Dresden, Ville Mont Royal, Qc, H3 P2 B8 View Location H Montreal Kms TD Branch Address 6930 Rue Saint Hubert, Montreal, Pq, H2 S2 M6 View Location I Ultramar Kms TD ATM Address Ultramar 5355 Ave Papineau, Montreal, Qc, H2 H1 W1 View Location J Ultramar Kms TD ATM Address Ultramar 1810 Rue St Zotique E, Montreal, Qc, H2 G1 H6 View Location
18Office Park. Plaza Oleos. Alamanda Tower Talavera Office Park. Mahattan Square. Ruang Kantor disewakan di Jalan RA. Kartini, TB Simatupang Jakarta Selatan, Ukuran ruangan bervariasi mulai dari 10 m2 sampai 1.400 m2. Untuk ukuran yang ditawarkan juga dapat dipilih sesuai dengan kriteria perusahaan anda. A Canadian routing number consists of 9 numerical digits that are used for electronic funds transfers. They identify a specific bank and branch where a payment will be sent. BMO's institution number is 001. Bank Of Montreal currently has 1661 routing & transit numbers assigned depending on individual branch you need to provide financial institutions with routing information you should do so in the format //CC0AAABBBBB where //CC0 is the standard Canadian clearing code, AAA is Bank Of Montreal's 3-digit bank institution number and BBBBB is the 5-digit branch transit number. Together with the account number, it is essential for delivering payments through the clearing numbers come in two formatsElectronic Transactions Routing Numbers ETF 0AAABBBBBPaper Transactions Transit Numbers MICR BBBBB-AAAUsing the table list below you can browse through all routing & branch transit numbers used by Bank Of Montreal. You can click on any individual routing number to find out details about the bank branch, address and additional information that may be required by Bank Of Montreal for wire transfer instructions purposes. You can use the "Search" box to filter by city, branch, address or routing / transit NumberTransit NumberBranchAddressCityState100010001100011-001Montreal Succ. Principale119 rue Saint-JacquesMontrealQC200010002200022-001First Canadian Box 3TorontoON300010003700037-001PORTAGE & MAIN201 PORTAGE AVENUE, Box 844WinnipegMB400010004000040-001First Bank Tower595 Burrard St., Box 49500, Bentall Centre Centre269 Laurier Avenue WestOttawaON600010006200062-001Hamilton Main Office50 Bay Street SouthHamiltonON700010007500075-001Haute Ville1181 Av TurnbullQuebecQC800010008200082-001-270 Dundas Main Branch1695 Grafton St, Box 100HalifaxNS1000010010900109-001EIGHTH AVENUE PLACE BRANCH595 8TH AVENUE, SW, Box 2575, Station MCalgaryAB1100010011400114-001Saint John Main Branch2 King StSaint JohnNB1200010012000120-001-1225 Douglas StreetVictoriaBC1300010013800138-001Main Office1800 Scarth StReginaSK1400010014900149-001Main Office Edmonton10185 - 101 Street NW, Box 220EdmontonAB1500010015200152-001-57 Market StreetBrantfordON1600010016200162-001-297 King St. MAIN OFFICE130 SIMCOE STREETPeterboroughON1800010018200182-001Windsor Main Office200 Ouellette Ave., Box 248WindsorON1900010019300193-001-328 Prince Promenade du Portage Suite 101GatineauQC2100010021300213-001-37 Union StreetGlace BayNS2200010022700227-001Harbour Crossing859 Fort Williams Rd, Box 27002Thunder BayON2300010023100231-001-2959 King OuestSherbrookeQC2400010024200242-001KING NEAR WATER345 KING STREET WESTKitchenerON2500010025200252-001-78 St. George's Boul. Jean-XXIIITrois-RivieresQC2700010027200272-001-739-743 Talbot ThomasON2800010028700287-001-1000 Rosser Jaw39 Manitoba Street EMoose JawSK3000010030000300-001-125-610 6th StreetNew WestminsterBC3100010031200312-001-73 Downie Sound Branch1150 16th Street, East, Box 248Owen SoundON3300010033200332-00131 King Box 520St CatharinesON3400010034800348-001101 Second Ave. Box 290SaskatoonSK3500010035400354-001-633 Main StreetMonctonNB3600010036700367-001COUNTY FAIR PLAZA140 EAST AVENUEThunder BayON3700010037300373-001-105 Grafton Rue VictoriaLachineQC3900010039200392-001Park & Lacroix348 Lacroix StreetChathamON4000010040200402-001-44 Main StreetCambridgeON4100010041200412-001-556 Queen St. Ste MarieON4200010042200422-001Sarnia Main Office Branch215 Christina St NSarniaON4300010043200432-001-201 Front boul. Casavant ouestSaint-HyacintheQC4500010045100451-001Valleyfield11, rue NicholsonValleyfieldQC4600010046200462-001-1 Wall Dundas Falls Main Office Branch4365 Queen StreetNiagara FallsON4900010050700507-001Northwood Park Plaza425 N. Edward BayON5000010051200512-001-73 Downie 2nd Box 248Owen SoundON5200010053100531-001Services D'InvestissementCase Postale 6002 Succ Centre-VilleMontrealQC5300010055100551-001Account Payable49 Bedford, Place Bonaventure, 95MontrealQC5400010056100561-001Place Versailles7275, rue Sherbrooke Est, Local 218MontrealQC5500010059200592-001-270 Dundas Services Acctg. ControlPlace Bonaventure, Level 2 Place BonaventureMontrealQC5700010062200622-001P&C Product Operations CanadaToron, 234 Simcoe StreetTorontoON5800010063100631-001Montreal Capps Processing CentrePlace Bonaventure, "B" Mart, Box 95MontrealQC5900010068600686-001Bank St. & Marche Way - The Glebe100 Marche way, Unit 106OttawaON6000010069000690-001152ND & HWY 105661 152nd StreetSurreyBC6100010070000700-001SSG INVESTMENT LENDING PORTFOLIO PRA600-4710 KINGSWAY, PO BOX 174VancouverBC6200010071200712-001-3985 Highway 7 East 3rd FlMarkhamON6300010072000720-001DATA CENTREPrince Andrew CentreDon MillsON6400010073900739-001Windermere1215 Windermere WayEdmontonAB6500010075300753-001Symcor Services Inc1580 Grafton StreetHalifaxNS6600010078200782-001Front and Berkeley236 Front Street EastTorontoON6700010079700797-001ST VITALUnit A 1510 St Marys RdWinnipegMB6800010080700807-001Symcor Winnipeg RSC195 Fort StreetWinnipegMB6900010081600816-001Montreal & Ogilvie Rds1936 Montreal RdOttawaON7000010098100981-001Symcor Montreal RSC4010 TupperWestmountQC7100010099100991-001Place Bonaventure129 St-Jacques 7th floor, 6002MontrealQC7200010100101001-001Edifice Siege Social129, rue Saint-Jacques, 6002, Succursale AMontrealQC7300010103101031-00151rue Notre-Dame EstVictoriavilleQC7400010104501045-001Arvida2840, Place DavisJonquiereQC7500010105401054-001-201 Main Allan and Aberdeen18 Glen Allan Comeau321 Boulevard LasalleBaie-ComeauQC7800010110101101-001-4125 Boul. des ForgesTrois-RivieresQC7900010111301113-001Main Box 130CansoNS8000010112401124-001Chatham185 Pleasant rue Principale estCookshireQC8200010114501145-001Chicoutimi1324 Boul TalbotChicoutimiQC8300010116101161-001Cowansville108, rue PrincipaleCowansvilleQC8400010117301173-00121 Micmac Box 24111, Micmac RPODartmouthNS8500010118401184-001Dalhousie Branch400 William Street, PO Box 5155DalhousieNB8600010119301193-001Market Box 849LiverpoolNS8700010120101201-001-1001 Boul. St-JosephDrummondvilleQC8800010121501215-001-50 Canada RoadEdmundstonNB8900010122501225-001Riviere-du-Loup428, rue LafontaineRiviere-du-LoupQC9000010123401234-001-505 King StFrederictonNB9100010124101241-001Outremont1554, av. Van HorneOutremontQC9200010125101251-001Snowdon-Hampstead5353, Chemin Queen MaryMontrealQC9300010126101261-001Papineau et Jean-Talon1805, rue Jean-Talon estMontrealQC9400010127601276-001-99 Boulevard de l'HopitalGatineauQC9500010128101281-001Granby399, rue PrincipaleGranbyQC9600010129401294-001-291 Broadway StreetGrand FallsNB9700010132301323-001MicMac Mall21 MicMac Blvd., Box 24111 Micmac & Harvard6371 Quinpool Main StreetWoodstockNB10000010136101361-001Sherbrooke et Grosvenor4817, rue Sherbrooke OuestWestmountQCPlease note These numbers are accurate to the best of our knowledge, but if you are unsure it is always best to check with the recipient's bank. These numbers should only be used to confirm details you already have. Users acknowledge that accepts no liability whatsoever with respect to its accuracy. FurnishedOffice Spaces. This office for rent on Jl. T. B. Simatupang Kav. 22-26, Talavera Office Suite 18th Floor is available immediately. Details and prices are available by calling +44 20 3998 2883 or by submitting the inquiry form. Learn how an ancient disease became known as "The White Plague" and Came to be the Deadliest Disease in Canada. What is Tuberculosis? A sick woman lies on a balcony, with death standing next to her, representing tuberculosis. Watercolour by Richard Tennant Cooper. Credit Wellcome Collection. Tuberculosis TB is a very old infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which may have originated in cattle. Though the term "tuberculosis" was coined in 1834, the bacteria that causes it is thought to have been around as long as 3 million years ago. Even so, TB has only become the deadliest of the world's contagious diseases in the last three centuries. TB is spread through the air. When an infected person coughs, sneezes or spits, their droplets can infect someone who inhales them. Once in the body, TB bacteria can attack any part of the body, such as the skin, bones, joints, eyes and the brain, but it primarily affects the lungs. Once TB infects the throat or the lungs, it becomes contagious and can be spread to other people. However, not everyone infected with TB bacteria gets sick. There are two types of TB latent TB and TB disease. People with latent TB may never develop TB disease if the TB bacteria remains inactive. If the immune system of an infected person cannot fight the TB bacteria, it can spread and cause TB disease. The symptoms of TB vary as the disease progresses. Initially, the infected person experiences fatigue and fever, as well as night sweats, coughing and weight loss. Then, their voice will because hoarse and their breathing will accelerate. They will cough up sputum, and sometimes blood due to the rupture of vessels. Fever continues, followed by extreme weight loss and finally chest pains. “The Spread of Consumption”. Image from Epidemics How to Meet Them, Review and Herald Publishing Association, Washington, 1919, page 45. Article appearing on page 2 of the Meridional Abbeville, Louisiana on 27 May 1882. A Long HistoryHistorically, researchers had identified three main forms of TB disease since antiquity. The first was identified in Egypt, where mummies were discovered with skeletal deformities in their spinal column later called Pott's disease. Skeletons with similar deformities were also found in the Americas. In the Middle Ages, TB manifested itself through scrofula, or the infection of neck glands with pus discharge. The third form of TB occurred in the 17th century pulmonary tuberculosis. In the century that followed, the disease ravaged cities like London, where one in four deaths were attributed to TB. It was the primary cause of death among adults. German scientist Robert Koch finally discovered the TB bacteria in 1882, for which he won the Nobel prize. The “King's Evil” or a “Romantic Disease”? Historically, tuberculosis was called a variety of names. In Ancient Greece, it was called "phthisis". In the Middle Ages, it was called "scrofula". In the 16th century, TB was the "King's Evil", which could be cured by the "King's Touch". The term "White Plague", named for the paleness of the infected, was used in the 18th century. Though the term "tuberculosis" was already in use, TB was commonly called “consumption” in the 1800s. Consumption got its name because the disease appeared to "consume" the infected person's body, through dramatic weight loss. Perhaps the most surprising of all names, TB was also called the "romantic disease", associated with great artists and writers of the Victorian era. Compared to other diseases of the time, TB's side-effects were considered flattering pale skin, rosy cheeks and small waists. The Sick Child oil paining by Edvard Munch, 1885–86, depicts the illness of his sister Sophie, who died of tuberculosis when Edvard was 14; his mother too died of the disease. Credit National Gallery of Norway. The King’s Touch Henri IV of France touching the head of a kneeling man for the king's evil. Credit Wellcome Collection. In Québec, tuberculosis was known as “phtisie pulmonaire” pulmonary phtisis. By the end of the 18th century, the term “consomption pulmonaire” pulmonary consumption was being used. The notebook of Dr. Jean-François-Régis Latraverse, describing the death of Adèle Lavallée on 1 Oct 1880 from “consomption” consumption. Source BanQ numérique Tuberculosis in New France and CanadaTuberculosis is believed to have landed in New France in the 17th century with the arrival of Europeans. With each new wave of immigrants came more TB, which eventually reached Canada's indigenous communities as well. As with many other diseases such as smallpox and measles, tuberculous was devastating to indigenous populations, who had no natural immunity to the disease. By the mid-19th century, the disease had spread all the way to Canada's western shores. Though tuberculosis was present in the early days of New France, it only wreaked havoc on the Canadian population of European descent in the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1867, TB was the leading cause of death in Canada. Between 1896 and 1906, TB was the deadliest infectious disease in the province of Québec, killing over 33,000 people. The reasons for the high casualty rate were attributed to urbanization and industrialization. Most infected people lived in urban areas and worked in factories, where proper hygiene was lacking. Milk was also believed to be a culprit. In Québec, veterinarians estimated that 10% of cows were infected with bovine TB and producing infected milk. In 1914, only a quarter of Montreal's milk was pasteurized; pasteurization became mandatory in 1925. Guaranteed Pure Milk Company delivery wagon, Montreal, about 1910. “At this time, only better-off people living in the west end of the city could get pasteurized milk, delivered on wagons like the one shown here. This photograph shows a milkman in front of the company's head office and processing plant on Ste. Catherine Street West. From its plant in the west end of Montreal, the Guaranteed Pure Milk Company distributed its milk in the wealthy neighbourhood known as the Golden Square Mile”. Credit McCord Museum. In the 19th century, the upper classes of Canadian society believed that the lower classes were contracting TB through their own doing they lived in unclean dwellings, didn't eat proper food and led unwholesome lifestyles. Alcoholics were also accused of spreading the disease. "Cures and Causes" image from Epidemics How to Meet Them, Review and Herald Publishing Association, Washington, 1919, page 44. “Her Own Fault”In Ontario, the Provincial Board of Health sponsored a 1921 silent film called “Her Own Fault”. In it, Marnie, “the girl who fails in life’s struggle,” sleeps in a stuffy and messy room with closed windows. She "never goes near the bath" and spends too much time on hair, makeup and fashion. Marnie also has poor eating habits and rarely exercises, except for late-night foxtrot sessions. Eileen, “the girl who succeeds,” wakes up in an airy and clean room. She makes sure to bathe and eat a healthy breakfast. Eileen exercises and counts her calories. "Months later both girls get what was coming to them". Marnie ends up hospitalized with tuberculosis, while Eileen is promoted to forewoman at the factory. These cultural opinions changed considerably after the end of WWI. Medical news coming from Europe made it clear that bacteria was causing TB, not bad behaviour. Any infected person essentially became a pariah that had to be isolated. This led to the opening of several sanatoriums, where patients could remain in isolation. In Ontario, the first sanatorium opened in 1897 in Gravenhurst. This facility, the Muskoka Cottage Sanatorium, was the third tuberculosis sanatorium in the world. In Québec, the first sanatorium opened in 1907 in Ste-Agathe-des-Monts. Most sanatoriums were run by volunteer organizations, whose members were often part of society's elite. Initially, only wealthy patients could afford a sanatorium stay. Eventually, care was offered to those who couldn't afford it, mostly through donation campaigns. One of the most important organizations was the Canadian Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, founded in Ottawa in 1900 today, it is called the Canadian Lung Association. It focused on public education and helped to open sanatoriums and dispensaries. Muskoka Cottage Sanatorium in Gravenhurst, Ontario. 1910 Postcard. Credit Toronto Public Library. Interior view of Kendall Pavilion of the Muskoka Cottage Sanatorium, showing arrangement of glass front. Circa 1928. Credit Archives of Ontario. Sanatorium de Ste-Agathe des Monts. Photo taken between 1920-1930. Credit BAnQ numérique. The Anti-Tuberculosis Hospital of the Royal Ottawa Sanatorium. Undated photo by William James Topley. Credit Library and Archives Canada. In 19th- and early 20th-century Canada, there were two main treatments for TB. The first was called the "rest cure", in which infected persons were placed in a sanatorium, where they could get fresh air, bed rest and a good diet. Most patients remained in the sanatorium for a period of 6 months to 2 years. The second treatment was "collapse therapy", in which a patient's chest cavity was inflated with air, allowing the lung to relax and the TB lesion to heal. Roughly one third of patients received this form of treatment. National efforts were spearheaded to prevent the spread of TB food-quality legislation was passed, public education was rolled out and TB dispensaries were opened. Dispensaries provided food, clothing, sputum boxes and medicine. In 1911, a free dispensary was opened in Toronto, providing these goods free of charge, in addition to paying the rent of deserving TB patients. Similar to sanatoriums, these dispensaries were often run by volunteers, on donations. Envelope asking for donations to the Muskoka Free Hospital for Consumptives, 1908. Credit Toronto Public Library. Clipping from unidentified newspaper indicating staff of Albert’s Bakery free from tuberculosis. 1944, Timmins. Credit Archives of Ontario. In the 1920s, mobile TB clinics were created, allowing for quicker diagnosis and treatment of TB patients. Mobile x-ray machines were used to find TB before external symptoms appeared. In 1929, Saskatchewan offered free diagnosis and treatment to all of its residents, the first jurisdiction in North America to do so. Soon, there were sanatoriums and dispensaries in every province. By 1953, Canada had 101 sanatoriums nationwide. French Ministry of Public Health poster promoting BCG vaccination Vaccine & AntibioticsIn 1924, the bacille Calmette-Guérin BCG vaccine was introduced in France. It was not widely used in Canada, however. Only Newfoundland and Québec administered the BCG vaccine in mass vaccination campaigns. Influenced by negative opinions in the about the efficacy of the BCG vaccine, other provinces used it sparingly. Today, BCG vaccination is only recommended for at-risk babies and children for example, those born in areas with high TB rates. Streptomycin, the first antibiotic proven to kill TB bacteria, was discovered in 1944. By the 1950s, this drug, along with several others provided free of charge, were widely used to treat TB in Canada. Once effective antibiotics were discovered, the need for sanatoriums decreased. The last Canadian sanatorium closed in the 1970s. Does Tuberculosis Still Exist Today? After WWII, with improved hygiene measures and antibiotics, TB became manageable and death rates declined substantially. Though it still exists today, TB is both preventable and about a quarter of the world's population currently has latent TB, meaning that they haven't developed the disease yet and cannot infect others. According to the World Health Organization WHO, about 5-10% of people with a TB infection will actually develop the disease over their lifetime, accounting for 9 to 10 million new cases annually. Though TB can occur in any part of the world, two-thirds of cases today are located in India, Indonesia, China, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa. As with other developed countries, there are very few cases in Canada annually. However, the incidence of TB among First Nations people, Inuit people, and those born outside of Canada is still disproportionately high. Since the 1970s, Lac Brochet and several other First Nations communities in northern Manitoba, have recorded some of the highest rates of TB in the world. Rates of TB in First Nations communities are 8 to 10 times higher than the Canadian average. Inuit Numbered for Tuberculosis. Undated photo. Credit Canada. Dept. of Transport / Library and Archives Canada. If someone in Canada does contract TB, they are obligated to report it. In the province of Québec, it is the only infectious disease that requires mandatory treatment. To cure TB, an infected person must take antibiotics for 4-6 months, normally a combination of 2, 3 or 4 different drugs. Without treatment, half of those infected with TB will die within 5 years. Did you know that Nelson Mandela, Jane Austen, Ringo Starr and Robert Burns have all had tuberculosis? Throughout history, many notable Canadians also suffered from, or died of, tuberculosis. See a complete list here. Enjoying our articles and resources? Consider showing your support by making a donation. Every contribution, no matter how small, helps us pay for website hosting and allows us to create more content relating to French-Canadian genealogy and history. Thank you! Merci! Sources and further reading Bailey, Patricia G., and Norman C. Delarue, and Howard Njoo, "Tuberculosis". In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. 7 May 2008; Edited 17 Feb 2015. Bernier, Jacques. Médecine et idéologies. La tuberculose au Québec, XVIIIe-XXe siècles. Québec Les Presses de l'Université Laval. 2018. Grzybowski, Stefan and Edward A. Allen. " Tuberculosis 2. History of the disease in Canada". 6 Apr 1999. Canadian Medical Association Journal Macdonald, Mary Ellen, et. al. "Urban Aboriginal Understandings and Experiences of Tuberculosis in Montreal, Quebec, Canada". 8 Feb 2010. Qualitative Health Research Newland, Christina. "The Prettiest Way to Die Consumption Chic and the 19th-Century Cult of the Invalid". 3 Oct 2017. Lit Hub Pepperell CS, et al. "Dispersal of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via the Canadian fur trade". 2011. National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Skerritt, Jen. "TB Epidemic Plagues the North". 31 Oct 2009. Winnipeg Free Press "History of Tuberculosis", Canadian Public Health Association "Ontario's Tuberculosis Sanatoriums, 1897-1960", 18 Apr 2019, Toronto Public Library Blog "Tuberculosis", World Health Organization "Tuberculosis", Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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